LoRaWAN, maintained by the LoRa Alliance, is a low-power wide-area networking protocol built on the LoRa physical layer. It enables long-range, low-power, and large-scale IoT connectivity, ideal for smart city, industrial, and agricultural applications. 1. Protocol Layers Physical Layer: Uses Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation over sub-GHz bands (433/868/915 MHz), enabling long-range and high sensitivity.MAC Layer: […]

In the modern IoT landscape, battery-powered temperature and humidity sensors are valued for their wire-free deployment, long endurance, and easy maintenance. Yet the challenge remains — how can such devices maintain real-time data transmission under strict power constraints? 1. Typical Applications Cold Chain and Warehousing Temperature and humidity play a crucial role in preserving food

1️⃣ LoRa: The Long-Range Physical Layer for Low-Power IoT LoRa (Long Range) is a Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation technology developed by Semtech. Key engineering benefits: LoRa = A reliable delivery truckBut it does not handle routing or network management. 2️⃣ LoRaWAN: The Network Protocol Built on LoRa LoRaWAN defines how end devices communicate with gateways

In Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Smart City applications, reliable, long-range monitoring of switch states or pulse signals—such as water meter pulses, equipment status, or door alarms—is critical. Especially in remote areas lacking power or facing harsh environmental conditions, traditional wired solutions are often costly and difficult to deploy. The Manthink KS32 LoRaWAN Dry Contact Pulse

In the rapidly expanding world of the Internet of Things (IoT), LoRaWAN stands out as a preferred technology for connecting massive numbers of devices due to its low power consumption and wide coverage. However, for developers and system integrators, dealing with raw hexadecimal (Hex) payloads has long been a significant challenge. How can one efficiently